Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This abnormal tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, and in some cases, other organs in the pelvic cavity. Each month, the endometrial tissue normally thickens, breaks down, and sheds during menstruation. However, in endometriosis, the tissue outside the uterus has no way to exit the body, leading to inflammation, scarring, and sometimes adhesions.
The exact cause of endometriosis is still not fully understood, but several theories exist, including genetic factors, immune system disorders, and retrograde menstruation (when menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity). Environmental factors and hormonal imbalances may also play a role in the development of the condition.
Endometriosis can impact a woman’s quality of life and may lead to complications such as infertility. While it can affect women of all ages, it is most commonly diagnosed in women in their 30s and 40s. The condition tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Ongoing research continues to focus on better understanding its causes, improving diagnosis, and developing more effective treatments to manage the condition.