Uterine cancer, or endometrial cancer, originates in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is the most common gynecologic cancer, typically affecting postmenopausal women. Key risk factors include obesity, unopposed estrogen therapy, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diabetes, and hypertension. Women with a family history of Lynch syndrome, a genetic disorder, also have an increased risk.
Diagnosis is typically confirmed through an endometrial biopsy, with imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI helping to assess the spread. The staging of the cancer determines treatment options and prognosis.
While uterine cancer is often detected early due to its symptoms, ongoing research in genetic profiling, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy offers promising advancements in treatment. Personalized care tailored to individual needs, especially for younger women considering fertility preservation, is crucial in managing the disease effectively. Early detection and awareness remain essential in improving outcomes.